Jean-Paul Sartre is born to Paris the 21 june 1905 from Jean-Baptiste Sartre, official of navy, and from Anne-Marie - Schweitzer (celebre "dottor the Schweitzer" was cousins of Sartre). Dying the single father two years after the birth of Jean-Paul, the Anne-Marie young person shelters itself to Meudon from its parents. Here the maternal grandfather exercises on the future writer a deep infuence, also for that he concerns its premature "literary vocation". The mother passes therefore to new wedding with the director of the shipyards of the Rochelle. In the same city, the small Jean-Paul attends the grammar school. After to have achieved the baccalaureate it is admitted to the Normal School to Paris. To these years laughed them its acquaintance with Simone de Beauvoir, later on also scrittrice she celebre and fervent promotrice of movements in defense of the women, with which the life will remain legacy for all sentimentalmente. Obtained the qualification to the instruction, standard philosophy to the Havre. In the 1933 scholarship of the French Institute os for a year to Berlin with one. It assists you to the taken one of the power from part of the

s, and reads for before turns the works of Husserl, Heidegger and Scheler. Much important readings, in the light of then, since the "fenomenologia" will inspire all its philosophical work. Three years after, in the ' 36, it publishes its first book, the philosophical test "the imagination". While, also its academic career endures of the jolts. First standard for a year to Laon, then becomes university professor of philosophy to the Pasteur Grammar school of Paris. They are the most important years for its maturation and a new evidence is in the fact that in the ' 38 publishes the novel "nausea" and the novel collection "the wall", in which already is develops the principles to you of the esistenzialista philosophy. "nausea", more than a novel in tightened sense, is a "philosophical story": Antoin Roquentin, the narrator, discovers in the anguish that nothing in its life is motivated or justified, and that, of other part, this gratuità the esime from the necessity not to choose. It is free and responsible, and is up to single he to judge if same. The five storys de "the Wall", published the following year, express these topics in a literarier language, resolving them without residual in the novellistic woven one. For which, more of Nausea, they reveal the socioculturale climate of those years. The story that it to the volume gives to the title represents the man in one extreme situation, and its effort to assume it, padroneggiarla, to exceed it. L ' sartriano esistenzialismo can in fact be defined one philosophy of the freedom, the choice and the responsibility. L ' man must invent the own life and just the destiny, must construct the own values. Not there is an essence of the man, than prefigures its existence; not there are norms, laws, authorities that predetermine its behavior. Only the right-minded people, the farisei, that they refuse the responsibility of a free existence, believe in an external necessity the man, in a stability of the things, a metaphysical order that presides to the life of the nature and the society. The right-minded people refuse the radical and rivelatrici experiences of the null one, nausea, of the anguish, than Sartre he thinks fundamental in order to provoke in the man the crisis from which emerges the requirement of the f

ing year, express these topics in a literarier language, resolving them without residual in the novellistic woven one. For which, more of Nausea, they reveal the socioculturale climate of those years. The story that it to the volume gives to the title represents the man in one extreme situation, and its effort to assume it, padroneggiarla, to exceed it. L ' sartriano esistenzialismo can in fact be defined one philosophy of the freedom, the choice and the responsibility. L ' man must invent the own life and just the destiny, must construct the own values. Not there is an essence of the man, than prefigures its existence; not there are norms, laws, authorities that predetermine its behavior. Only the right-minded people, the farisei, that they refuse the responsibility of a free existence, believe in an external necessity the man, in a stability of the things, a metaphysical order that presides to the life of the nature and the society. The right-minded people refuse the radical and rivelatrici experiences of the null one, nausea, of the anguish, than Sartre he thinks fundamental in order to provoke in the man the crisis from which emerges the requirement of the freedom and the values. Such precisazione, will be deepened from Sartre eleven years after, when, on I invite of a Polish review, then writes the test published like "Issues of method" (1957). In this test, and the successive "Critic of dialectic reason" (1960), it above all tries to integrate just the esistenzialismo in the Marxist thought, from he considered "the unsurpassable philosophy of our time". While, in those years, he lend military service to Nancy, Brumath and Mossbronn. He exits "Image and conscience", where the image is seen like the first expression of the freedom and the drama of the man. The 21 june comes made captive from the Germans to Padoux, in Lorena, and therefore interned to Treviri. Obtained the freedom (making oneself to pass for civilian }, it participates actively to the clandestine Resistance and then resumes the instruction to the Pasteur Grammar school and to the Condorcet Grammar school, where standard until the liberation of Paris. In 1943 it publishes its first drama, "the flies" (resuming the myth to the Orestiade }, and the treaty of fenomenologica ontologia "the being and the null one". In the 1945 Deep one the review "Les Temps Modernes", in which troverano expression the three fundamental experiences of its life: that philosophical one, that literary and that politics. The age of the reason "and" the dismissal ", the first two volumes of the romanzesca series "the ways of the freedom", and the only action "exit" Behind closed doors ". The esistenzialismo publishes the tests "is a umanismo", "Materialismo and revolution", "the timorata" and "Died anti-semitism", and dramas "sgualdrina without tomba". Of "L ' esistenzialismo is a umanismo" is taken care to specify in that sense goes meant the term, that had become in short generic time cosi "not to mean nuller: or better, to mean the more absurd things ". It completes a travel in Italy, with Simone de Beauvoir. In the years succeeded to you Sartre it will return in Italy tens of times. Also the political activity is intense much. It gives life, with Rousset, Rosenthal and others, to a new one left: the "Rassemblement Democratique Revolutionnaire", of inspiration M